About 445 million years ago, Earth’s oceans turned into a danger zone. Glaciers spread across the supercontinent Gondwana, ...

One of Earth’s earliest mass extinctions wiped out most ocean life during a sudden global ice age. From the ruins, jawed vertebrates survived, diversified, and transformed the course of evolution.

Some 445 million years ago, life on Earth was forever changed. During the geological blink of an eye, glaciers formed over the supercontinent Gondwana, drying out many of the vast, shallow seas like a ...

A rapid climate collapse during the Late Ordovician Mass Extinction devastated ocean life and reshuffled Earth’s ecosystems. In the aftermath, jawed vertebrates gained an unexpected edge by surviving ...

The Ordovician period offers a detailed window into early marine ecosystems and climatic transitions, with palynology and microfossil biostratigraphy serving as key tools in reconstructing these ...

The creature locals now call “Godzillus” did not roar out of a movie screen but out of Ordovician rock, lifted piece by piece from a Kentucky hillside by a determined hobbyist. What began as a routine ...

A Promissum conodont, which range from 5 to 50 cm in length and named after unusual, cone-like teeth fossils, and which are hypothesized to be the ancestors of modern lampreys and hagfishes. Very few ...